|
|
Infrastructure and Utilities
Transportation
The transport sub-sector provides the vital
link between people, products and services. The
transportation network in the region is a complex system
that integrates the four modes of transportation, namely:
road, rail, air and water. The complexity of the system is
attributed to the geographical location of the component
provinces (Figure 3.12).
Roads
The road density in the region increased from
0.50 km/sq.km. in 1989 to 0.62 km./sq.km. in 2000 (please
refer to Figure 3.13). Among the regions six provinces,
only Masbate remained poorly served by road network, while
the other provinces had road densities of more than 0.60
km/sq. km, with Camarines Sur having the highest.
Figure 3.12
Existing Transport Infrastructure (National)
(+) Click
to Zoom
  
  
  
The
0.12 km. per sq. km. increase in road density in the region
meant an additional 2,254.23 kilometers of constructed/improved
roads. Passable year-round, those roads significantly increased
and improved the accessibility and mobility of goods and
services. Barangay roads, comprising 58% of the regions total
road density, remained as the dominant track for road transport.
The
road improvements, which included critical roads and bridges
throughout the region, were undertaken through major
foreign-assisted projects. These included the following: (1)
Construction of Quirino Highway in Camarines Sur; (2)
Rehabilitation of Maharlika Highway (Calauag-Sta.Elena,
Sta.Elena-Labo, Labo-Daet, and Daet-Sipocot sections); (3)
Masbate Rural Road Network Development Projects (Packages 1 and
2); (4) ADB-funded Mobo-Cataingan Road in Masbate; (4) road
component of Sorsogon IAD Project, and Farm to Market Road
Development from the DAR and DA. The cumulative road network is
shown in Table 3.12.
Table 3.12.
Existing Road Length, By Classification and
Surface Type of
National Road,
Bicol Region: as of CY 2002
Province/
City |
Land Area
(Sq.Km.) |
Total Road
(Kms.) |
Road Length (In Kms.) By Category |
Road
Density
(km/sq.km.) |
Surface Type of National Road |
|
National |
Prov'l |
Mun./City |
Brgy. |
Con-
crete |
Asphalt |
Gravel/
Earth |
Total
(km.) |
|
Albay |
2,552.6 |
17,24.8 |
399.70 |
420.30 |
205.90 |
698.90 |
0.70 |
238.00 |
67.20 |
94.50 |
399.70 |
|
Cam. Norte |
2,071.6 |
13,94.7 |
200.30 |
146.60 |
119.60 |
928.10 |
0.70 |
41.50 |
136.60 |
22.30 |
200.30 |
|
Cam. Sur |
5,266.8 |
41,25.7 |
659.40 |
771.60 |
448.80 |
2,245.90 |
0.80 |
272.10 |
110.30 |
277.00 |
659.40 |
|
Catanduanes |
1,511.6 |
9,60.1 |
315.10 |
156.20 |
58.20 |
430.60 |
0.60 |
63.70 |
7.30 |
244.10 |
315.10 |
|
Masbate |
4,047.7 |
9,87.6 |
381.00 |
74.30 |
91.40 |
441.00 |
0.20 |
93.20 |
98.10 |
189.70 |
381.00 |
|
Sorsogon |
2,141.4 |
16,42.9 |
307.70 |
228.30 |
127.30 |
979.60 |
0.80 |
249.80 |
31.40 |
26.50 |
307.70 |
|
Total |
17,591.7 |
108,35.8 |
2,263.20 |
1,797.30 |
1,051.20 |
5,724.10 |
0.60 |
958.20 |
450.80 |
854.10 |
2263.20 |
|
Percentage (%) |
- |
- |
20.90 |
16.60 |
9.70 |
52.80 |
- |
42.30 |
19.90 |
37.70 |
100.00 |
Source: DPWH, PPDOs/CPDOs
By classification, the CY 2000 road network of 10,835.79
kilometers comprised of 2,263.17 kms national roads
(20.89%), 1,797.28 kms provincial roads (16.59%), 1,051.21
kms municipal/city roads (9.70%), and 5,724.13 kms barangay
roads (52.83%). Please see Figure 3.13.
  
  
  
Due
to insufficient inventory of local roads, information on their
surface pavement type was not available. With regard to
national roads, however, some 854 kilometers of their 2,263.17 kms, remained unpaved. Most of those unpaved road sections were
in Camarines Sur, particularly in the Caramoan Peninsula, as
well as in the island-provinces of Catanduanes and Masbate.
The
2,254.33 kilometer increase in road length over the 11-year
period indicated an average increment of 205 kilometers per
year, The increase was disaggregated as follows: Barangay roads,
1,865.45 kilometers (21.38%); National roads, 281.17 kilometers
(3.22%); Municipality/City roads with 264.86 kilometers
(3.04%). On the other hand, the provincial road component was
shortened by 298.68 kilometers (3.24%), which indicated that
some of the road sections were converted to National Road to
facilitate funding for their maintenance and implementation by
the DPWH. The Barangay road inventory, on the other hand,
increased as a result of the farm to market roads development
implemented by DAR and DA.
Motor Vehicle
Registration
On motor vehicle registration, the number of vehicles
registered as of CY 2000 totaled 96,001 (Figure 3.15).
Motorcycles/Tricycles accounted for more than half of the total.
This was attributed to the availability of brands that sold at
cheaper prices in the local motorcycle market. By province,
Albay and Camarines Sur had the highest number of motor vehicles
registered at 29,896 and 33,164, respectively. From CY 1997 to
CY 2000, motor vehicle ownership in the region increased by an
average rate of 5.83% annually. Compared to other regions,
Bicol accounted for 2.23% of the total number of registered
motor vehicles nationwide. The National Capital Region was
highest at 38.16%.
The railway
development and rehabilitation in the region consisted of three
major components: 1) the 224 kilometer Mainline South (MLS) from
Lucena City to Naga City, 2) 100 kilometers from Naga City to
Legaspi City, and 3) study for the Sorsogon Railway Extension
project from Camalig, Albay to Matnog, Sorsogon. These components
were recommended in the previous RPFP for improvement and
development.
The first two railway sections were rehabilitated within the
planning period, the former in CY 1995 and the latter in CY 1999.
They included the refurbishing of the rolling stocks. The
supplementary feasibility study for the Sorsogon Railway Extension
project was completed and was already approved/endorsed by the RDC V
for financing through the Official Development Assistance.
Notwithstanding the
rehabilitation of the PNR MLS, the nagging issues and concerns of
the railway transport system centered on the poor condition of the
railroad tracks and rolling stocks that often resulted to train
derailments and longer travel time as compared to buses covering the
same route. The most recent PNR accident was in 2004, which brought
about deaths and injuries to train passengers thus forcing the
management to indefinitely suspend the PNR operations along the
Manila to Legazpi City route. A major reason for the continued
deterioration of the PNR MLS is its lack of maintenance.
A current effort to address the woes of the
railway system is a Feasibility Study on the rehabilitation of the
MLS, which includes the Sorsogon Railway Extension Project. The
project was approved and endorsed by the RDC V and is subject for
approval by the Investment Coordination Committee (ICC). The
proposed project will provide the linkage with the North Rail
project that is currently on-going.
  
  
  
Railways
The railway development and rehabilitation in the region
consisted of three major components: 1) the 224 kilometer
Mainline South (MLS) from Lucena City to Naga City, 2) 100
kilometers from Naga City to Legaspi City, and 3) study for the
Sorsogon Railway Extension project from Camalig, Albay to Matnog,
Sorsogon. These components were recommended in the previous RPFP
for improvement and development.
The first two railway sections were
rehabilitated within the planning period, the former in CY 1995
and the latter in CY 1999. They included the refurbishing of the
rolling stocks. The supplementary feasibility study for the
Sorsogon Railway Extension project was completed and was already
approved/endorsed by the RDC V for financing through the
Official Development Assistance.
Notwithstanding the rehabilitation of the PNR MLS, the nagging
issues and concerns of the railway transport system centered on
the poor condition of the railroad tracks and rolling stocks
that often resulted to train derailments and longer travel time
as compared to buses covering the same route. The most recent PNR accident was in 2004, which brought about deaths and
injuries to train passengers thus forcing the management to
indefinitely suspend the PNR operations along the Manila to
Legazpi City route. A major reason for the continued
deterioration of the PNR MLS is its lack of maintenance.
A current effort to address the woes
of the railway system is a Feasibility Study on the
rehabilitation of the MLS, which includes the Sorsogon Railway
Extension Project. The project was approved and endorsed by the
RDC V and is subject for approval by the Investment Coordination
Committee (ICC). The proposed project will provide the linkage
with the North Rail project that is currently on-going.
Airport
The region maintains and operates eight (8) functional airports
Figure 3.12. Except for the airports in Bulan and Bacon, in
Sorsogon province and that in Daet, Camarines Norte, all other
airports in the region cater to commercial flight services.
Annex 3.1
shows the regions
airport features and statistics.
Legazpi Airport is the only trunk-line
airport in the region. It has landing facilities that can
accommodate medium-sized aircraft like the Boeing 737 jets. The
Legazpi Airport has navigational constraints, however, that
frequently cause cancellation of flights during bad weather.
Several airline companies serve the region such as the
Philippine Airlines, Air Philippines, Asian Spirit, Laoag
Airlines, and Aboitiz Forwarders.
Because of navigational constraints
and upon validation of the Feasibility Study conducted by JICA,
the existing Legazpi City Airport was recommended for relocation
to Barangay Alobo, Daraga, Albay. The Master Plan Study for the
New Legazpi Airport was completed by the DOTC-ATO. Its
implementation is being proposed for ODA financing.
Two other airports in the region,
Pili Airport in Camarines Sur and the Masbate Airport, need
major upgrading and capital investment requirements. The former
needs to have its runway reoriented for safer aircraft
operation, while the latter airport needs to be relocated to
avoid a permanent obstruction along its approach. The
preparation of Feasibility Studies by the DOTC-ATO, addressed at
the airports improvement, is therefore in order. Similarly, the
two other feeder airports in Sorsogon need a study to determine
whether to maintain or discontinue their operations.
Ports
The
region has 70 existing ports (Table 3.13) classified into 4
categories, namely: 1) National Ports, managed and operated by
the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA), 2) Local Ports, operated
by LGU, DOTC-PMO, 3) Fish Ports, operated by either the LGU or
BFAR under the DA, and (4) Private ports. The details of the
respective port facilities are presented in Annex 3.2.
Table 3.13 Existing
ports in the region, Classification and Number
|
Classification of Ports |
Number |
|
National
or Terminal Ports (PPA operated) |
9 |
|
Local Ports |
5 |
|
Municipal Ports |
36 |
|
Barangay Ports |
6 |
|
Fish
Ports |
7 |
|
Private
Ports |
13 |
|
Total |
70 |
As of CY 2004, there were 9 National Ports. The Base Port is Legaspi City Port, being the site of the Regional Operations
of the PPA. The rest are terminal ports, of which the Tabaco
City Terminal Port, owing to its strategic location and
facilities, is also classified as an International Port.
Except for Legaspi City and Jose Panganiban Ports, the rest
have RORO ramp facilities. Generally, the physical condition
of the national ports in the region needs further
improvement and upgrading. Some of the national ports lack
basic facilities such as passenger terminals, warehouses,
berthing facilities, and others to accommodate more and
larger vessels. The construction of the Pantao Port in Libon
Albay is on-going.
In terms of foreign trade, Tabaco Port takes a major role
being the main port of entry in the region. In CY 2000, the
port recorded eleven (11) foreign ship calls with gross
registered tonnage (GRT) of 63.090 metric tons of handled
cargoes, down by 50% compared to the CY 1999 GRT of 129,770
metric tons.
There are 38 local ports, implemented by the LGU with
assistance from the DOTC-PMO Ports. These include 32
municipal ports and six Barangay Ports. The Fish Ports,
operated either by LGU or BFAR under the DA, consist of
Municipal and Barangay Fish Ports. At present, there are
eight (8) fishing ports, seven of which are municipal
fishing ports and one is a barangay fishing port located in
Legaspi City.
Water Resources
Some 30 river basins provide an estimated
annual runoff of 12,804 MCM of surface water across the
region. (Please refer to Annex 3.3 and Figure 3.14).
Such abundant yield provides the resource
for the development of water supply, irrigation, fisheries,
hydro-thermal and other uses, like recreation. The
infrastructure elements of water resource development
include the facilities for water supply, irrigation, and
flood control and drainage.
Groundwater, the other major water resource, has an
estimated storage of 22,449 MCM regionwide. Its distribution
by province is presented in Table 4.3. Of the regions major
river basins, the Bicol River Basin contributes the highest
estimated storage while Masbate Island Basin contributes the
least.
Table 3.14
Distribution of Groundwater by Province in the Bicol Region
|
Basin |
Provinces/s |
Estimated
Storage
(MC) |
Groundwater |
50-Yr Mining
Withdrawal
MCM / year |
|
Estimated
Inflow
MCM/year |
Recommended
Estimate
Safe Yield
MCM / year |
|
Bicol
River Basins |
Cam. Norte, Cam.
Sur, Catanduanes & Albay |
11496 |
2074 |
2074 |
2304 |
|
Albay-Sorsogon |
Albay & Sorsogon |
9150 |
779 |
779 |
962 |
|
Masbate
Island Basins |
Masbate |
1803 |
531 |
531 |
567 |
|
Total
for Region V |
|
22449 |
3384 |
3384 |
3833 |
In terms of water usage, as of December 1999, the water
rights granted by NWRB was 96.40 %, which was equivalent to
94,905.74 liters per second (lps). The irrigation sector
was granted the highest, accounting for 94.02 percent of the
total grant while the least was for industrial use. (Table
3.15).
Table 3.15 Water
Rights Usage-Wise, Bicol Region:
as of December 1999
|
Water Use/Source |
Liters/Seconds |
Percentage |
|
Municipal |
2,876.82 |
2.92 |
|
Ground
Water |
2259.00 |
|
|
Surface
Water |
617.82 |
|
|
Industrial |
616.82 |
0.63 |
|
Ground
Water |
37.60 |
|
|
Surface
Water |
578.85 |
|
|
Irrigation |
92563.34 |
94.02 |
|
Ground
Water |
1226.45 |
|
|
Surface
Water |
92336.89 |
|
|
Other
Uses |
2393.73 |
2.43 |
|
Ground
Water |
21.55 |
|
|
Surface
Water |
2372.18 |
|
|
Total |
98450.34 |
100.00 |
|
Ground
Water |
3544.60 |
3.60 |
|
Surface
Water |
94905.74 |
96.40 |
Source: NWRB
Water Supply
The
water supply system in the region includes public and
privately-owned water sources for domestic and commercial uses.
The public water supply systems are categorized into three
service levels, namely: Levels I, II, and III.
Despite having a large water resource potential, Bicols total
households that were provided with potable water supply was
still low at 66.11 percent (Table 3.16). As of 2002, the
province of Camarines Sur had the highest household coverage
(80.24 percent) while the least served provinces were Camarines
Norte (49.88 percent) and Masbate (50.77 percent).
Table
3.16
Household
Served by Water Supply, By Province, Bicol Region: CY 2002
|
Province/Region |
2002 Pop'n |
Number of
Household |
Level I |
Level II |
Level III |
Total |
|
No. of
HH Served |
% of
HH served |
No. of
HH Served |
% of
HH served |
No. of
HH Served |
% of
HH served |
No. of
HH Served |
% of
HH served |
|
Albay |
1,133,413 |
21,674 |
55,329 |
25.52 |
18,173 |
8.32 |
54,496 |
25.14 |
127,998 |
59.05 |
|
Cam Norte |
469,680 |
91,706 |
5,660 |
6.17 |
17,576 |
19.17 |
22,504 |
24.54 |
45,740 |
49.88 |
|
Cam Sur |
1,610,976 |
299,174 |
148,587 |
49.67 |
35,742 |
11.95 |
55,735 |
18.63 |
240,064 |
80.24 |
|
Catanduanes |
221,903 |
42,270 |
6,337 |
14.99 |
14,638 |
34.63 |
7,454 |
17.64 |
28,430 |
67.26 |
|
Masbate |
734,569 |
144,145 |
46,375 |
32.17 |
21,742 |
15.08 |
5,071 |
3.52 |
73,188 |
50.77 |
|
Sorsogon |
679,851 |
130,796 |
30,246 |
23.12 |
34,874 |
26.66 |
30,852 |
23.59 |
95,972 |
73.38 |
|
Region |
4,850,392 |
924,854 |
292,534 |
31.63 |
142,745 |
15.43 |
176,112 |
19.04 |
611,392 |
66.11 |
Sources of Data: PPDO's, MPDO's.LWUA, DILG
Level I
An average of 31.63 percent of the total households was
served. Among the six provinces, Camarines Sur had the
highest coverage (49.67 percent).
Level
II
An average of 15.43 percent of the total
households was served. The province of Catanduanes had
the highest service coverage (34.63 percent), mostly
sourced from springs. Almost all of the regions
municipalities/cities had this type of water facility.
Level
III
An average of 19.04 percent of the
regions total households was served. The province of
Albay had the highest systems coverage (25.14 percent),
while Masbate had the lowest (3.52 percent). There were
39 operational water districts strategically located in
the urban areas of the region (Annex 3..4).
Irrigation
Cognizant of the importance of irrigation in
achieving food security and sustainable agricultural
development, the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act
(AFMA) of 1997 accorded highest priority to
irrigation-related endeavors. Still, the potential benefits
from irrigation development in the region has not been fully
harnessed. As of 2002, the level of irrigation development
remained at only half of the estimated potential irrigable
areas of 239,660 hectares. Only 118,541 hectares were
irrigated (Table 3.17).
Table 3.17 Status of Irrigation
Development, Bicol Region: as of December 2002
|
Province/Region |
Estimated
Total
Irrigable
Area
(in hss.) * |
National Irrigation
System (NIS) |
Communal Irrigation
System
(CIS) ** |
Private Irrigation
System
(PIS) *** |
Total |
Irrigation
Dev't.
(%) |
Remaining
Potential
Area to
be Deve-
loped (Has) |
|
No. |
Area |
No. |
Area |
No. |
Area |
No. |
Area |
|
Albay |
54,620 |
4 |
1,946 |
102 |
10,643 |
249 |
11,584 |
355 |
24,173 |
44.26 |
30,447 |
|
Cam Norte |
22,590 |
2 |
2,910 |
66 |
4,177 |
3 |
182 |
71 |
7,269 |
32.18 |
15,321 |
|
Cam Sur |
123,700 |
6 |
14,690 |
203 |
40,759 |
120 |
13,653 |
329 |
69,102 |
55.86 |
54,598 |
|
Catanduanes |
3,770 |
- |
- |
74 |
2,288 |
- |
- |
74 |
2,288 |
60.69 |
1,482 |
|
Masbate |
19,880 |
- |
- |
105 |
3,743 |
47 |
1,027 |
152 |
4,770 |
23.99 |
15,110 |
|
Sorsogon |
15,100 |
2 |
950 |
119 |
6,951 |
88 |
3,038 |
209 |
10,939 |
72.44 |
4,161 |
|
Region |
239,660 |
14 |
20,496 |
669 |
68,561 |
507 |
29,484 |
1190 |
118,541 |
49.46 |
121,119 |
* Estimated Total Irrigable Area (ETIA) is based
on the 3 slope criteria
** Includes CY 2002 newly developed areas
*** Data of Private Irrigation Systems are based on CY 1998
inventory
About 58% of the estimated
irrigable area had communal irrigation systems; 17% had
national irrigation systems; and the rest had private
irrigation systems. The province of Camarines Sur shared
the highest irrigated area (58.21%), more than the combined
irrigated areas of the five (5) other provinces. Figure 3.16
shows the location of these irrigated areas.
Figure 3.16
Location of Irrigated Areas
(+) Click
to Zoom
The poor performance of the irrigation sector was due to a host
of interrelated technical, hydrologic, socio-economic,
institutional, environmental and political issues. Essentially,
such issues must be properly addressed if the benefits from
irrigation development will have to be optimized. In 1989, there
were 113,337 hectares of total service area irrigated as
compared to 118,541 hectares irrigated in 2002. This meant an
increase of just 5,204 hectares or 4.6%.
Flood Control
and Drainage
Flood control, drainage and shore protection mitigate the loss
of lives and properties within settlement areas and productive
agricultural lands from the threats of typhoon-induced floods
and tidal surges.
In
1989, some 1,778.365 kilometers of Flood Control and Drainage
structures were constructed. From 1990 to 2003, the mitigation
intervention was minimal with only 4.5 kms of flood control and
drainage structures erected and a meager 2.3 kms of similar
structures rehabilitated. (Annex 3.5). New constructions,
however, were done in all the provinces, except Sorsogon.
Rehabilitation works such as repair, river dredging, clearing of
floodways and other similar activities were also undertaken in
the provinces of Albay and Camarines Norte.
On
shore protection and seawalls, some 27.731 kilometers were
constructed in 1989. From 1989 to 2003, only 500 linear meters
were constructed in the provinces of Camarines Norte, Camarines
Sur, Catanduanes, and Masbate.
Financial constraints tended to limit the governments
interventions along this sub-sector. This was reflected in the
design of structures (e.g. a low 1:5 year return period) such
that the focus was more on flood mitigation rather than on flood
control. Also, some structures were poorly constructed resulting
to inefficient and ineffective response to the calamity in
flood-prone areas. Thus, the need to strengthen disaster
preparedness, response and rehabilitation in threatened areas
with priority on the formulation of an integrated flood control
program by all concerned sectors.
Power/Energy
The
energy sector in the region involves power generation,
transmission, and electrification.
Power Generation
IIn 1989, there were only 15 generating units in the region with
a total capacity of 335.4 MW. These improved to 46 generating
units in 2000 with an aggregate generating capacity of 512.574
MW (Table 3.18). Due to the temporary shutdown of some units in
the Tiwi geothermal for rehabilitation, however, the dependable
energy was down to only 317.67 MW (61.98 percent).
The
list of existing power generation in the region is shown in
Annex 3.6 while the location of the power sources are shown in
Figure 3.17.
Figure 3.17 Existing Power Generation Sources
(+) Click
to Zoom
Table 3.18 Existing
Power Generation, by Source, Bicol Region
|
Power Sources |
No. of
Generating Units |
Total
Generating
Capacity
(MW) |
% to
Total
Generating
Capacity |
Dependable Energy (MW) |
% to
total
Generating
Capacity |
|
1.
Geothermal |
8 |
480.000 |
93.64 |
285.5 |
59.48 |
|
2.
Hydrothermal |
7 |
5.510 |
1.07 |
5.1 |
93.00 |
|
3.
Diesel Power Plant |
31 |
27.064 |
5.29 |
27.1 |
100.00 |
|
Total |
46 |
512.574 |
100.00 |
317.67 |
61.97 |
Energy resource
development, during the period under review, included the
exploration and production of local energy sources, such as
coal, geothermal, hydrothermal, and other renewable energy.
Coal
Development
While coal deposit was
identified in the island of Rapu-Rapu, this primary
energy source has yet to be developed.
Geothermal Energy Development
Exploration and
establishment of geothermal power plants were conducted
in Albay and Sorsogon provinces, as follows: (a)
Completion of the BacMan II Unit II (Cawayan), which
started operation in 1994; (b) On- going Establishment
of BacMan II - Unit II (Bogtong); (c) On-going
establishment of BacMan Binary, (d) Initial exploration
of Mt. Labo and Bulusan Geothermal Power Plant to
establish the extent of the reserve, and (e) evaluation
of the feasibility study on the BacMan III, also known
as Tanawon. The available geothermal resources for
development as proposed by the DOE are listed in Table
3.19.
3.19 Potential Geothermal Resources for
Development in the Bicol Region
|
Name |
Installed
Capacity (MW) |
Year of
Commissioning |
Location |
|
1. Tanawon |
40.0 |
2007 |
Sorsogon |
|
2. Manito/Manito Lowlands |
20.0 |
2008 |
Albay |
|
3. Manito/Kayabon |
40.0 |
2008 |
Albay |
|
4.
Rangas |
40.0 |
2010 |
Sorsogon |
Source: Department of Energy
Hydrothermal Development
The potential sites for
hydrothermal development in the region are indicated in
Annex 3.7. Of these, four
potential sites were identified by the DOE for
hydropower generation. (Table 3.20).
Table 3.20 Potential sites for Hydropower
development in the Bicol Region
|
Name |
Classifi-
cation |
Installed Capacity(MW) |
Year of Commis-sioning |
Location |
|
Kapilihan MHP |
Mini-Hydro |
3.0 |
2005 |
Virac, Catanduanes |
|
Colasi MHP |
Mini-Hydro |
1.0 |
2007 |
Camarines Norte |
|
Dugui MHP |
Mini-Hydro |
4.0 |
2008 |
Virac, Catanduanes |
|
Hitoma MHP |
Mini-Hydro |
3.0 |
2011 |
Caramoran, Catanduanes |
Source: Department
of Energy
Other Renewable Energy
Efforts were directed toward
developing other renewable energy sources for Bicols
remote areas. Based on the DOE Renewal Energy Framework
Plan, potential sites of ocean development for power
generation in Bicol are the Camarines provinces, Batan
Island in Albay, and Catanduanes. Wind resource for
power generation can also be availed in the provinces of
Catanduanes and Masbate (Table 3.21). Solar panels have
also been installed for missionary electrification in
remote areas.
Table 3.21 Potential sites for Wind Power
Development in the Bicol Region
|
Name |
Installed
Capacity (MW) |
Year of
Commissioning |
Location |
|
PHESI |
3.4 |
2007 |
Catanduanes |
|
PHESI |
4.25 |
2009 |
Masbate |
Source: Department of Energy
Power Transmission
As of CY 2002, the length of transmission lines (T/L) in the Bicol mainland totaled 1,709.17 Circuit Kilometers (CKM),
distributed as follows: (1)
34.5 KV T/L, connecting the Barit Hydro Plant I Buhi to the
Luzon Grid, 0.7% of the total T/L length; ( 2) 69 KV T/L,
24.1%; (3) 230 KV T/L, 51.7%; and (4) +/-350 KV
T/L, 23.5%. (Table 3.22).
Table 3.22 Existing Power Transmission Lines in
the Bicol Region: 2002
|
Province |
Length |
|
34.5 KV |
69 KV |
230 KV |
+/-350 KV |
Total |
|
Albay |
- |
103.31 |
180.99 |
146.15 |
430.45 |
|
Sorsogon |
- |
113.48 |
42.46 |
170.04 |
325.98 |
|
Camarines Sur |
11.12 |
157.94 |
512.33 |
85.02 |
766.41 |
|
Camarines Norte |
|
38.27 |
148.06 |
|
186.33 |
|
Total |
11.12 |
413 |
883.84 |
401.21 |
1,709.17 |
|
Percent |
0.70 |
24.16 |
51.71 |
23.47 |
100.00 |
Source: National Power
Corporation
Electrification
The assessment of the sub-sector follows:
Rural
Electrification
As of June 2004, the region attained 100 percent
energization of its municipalities or 91.56% of the total
barangays. In actual figures, only 293 barangays out of
3,471 remained to be energized. Most of those areas are
located in Masbate. In terms of viable areas covered by the
Electric Cooperatives, some 3,417 (98.44%) of the total
barangays are potential. Out of those potential barangays,
93.01% or 3,178 barangays have been energized or a total of
239 barangays have yet to be energized by the electric
cooperatives (Figure 3.18).
Figure 3.18
Energized Barangays
(+) Click
to Zoom
Power Distribution
Distribution is similar to transmission,
except that the former uses only lower voltage lines that
distribute electricity to the end users for residential,
commercial and industrial uses. From the transmission
level, a total capacity of 235.97 MVA substations (Annex
3.8) are currently installed in strategic locations in each
of the provinces of the Bicol Peninsula. These substations
serve as the primary channels that bring down the voltage
level, so that power could be transmitted safely over
densely populated areas. For distribution to the utilities
and industry users, they use the 69 KV transmission lines.
However, the substations installed capacity of 188.776 MVA
(installed capacity = plant factor x substation capacity) is
not enough to support the energy demand of 140.63 MW. It is
below the normal reserve or twice the demand equivalent to
281.262 MW. Among the Electric Cooperatives (ECs)
substations, only SORECO II is capable of supporting its
maximum load demand while MASELCO substation is under-rated.
From the substations, the electric
energy is further trimmed down to a lower level before its
distribution to the end users. The ECs operate at a voltage of
13.2/7.62 KV line to ground system. As of December 2001, the
region had a total of 7,338.11circuit kilometers of distribution
lines, the breakdown by EC is shown in Table 3.23.
Table 3.23 Existing Distribution Lines by Electric Cooperatives in
the BicolRegion
as of 2001
Electric
Cooperatives |
Double
Circuit |
Three
Phase |
Vee
Phase |
Single
Phase |
Open
Secondary |
Total |
|
Albay |
- |
347.36 |
40.25 |
478.45 |
221.45 |
1087.51 |
|
ALECO |
- |
347.36 |
40.25 |
478.45 |
221.45 |
1,087.51 |
|
Camarines Norte |
1.30 |
431.79 |
147.63 |
346.77 |
228.15 |
1,154.34 |
|
CANORECO |
1.30 |
431.79 |
147.63 |
346.77 |
228.15 |
1,154.34 |
|
Camarines Sur |
13.48 |
707.02 |
230.90 |
1255.43 |
464.11 |
2,657.46 |
|
CASURECO
I |
- |
247.09 |
40.39 |
314.78 |
171.02 |
773.28 |
|
CASURECO
II |
4.05 |
164.22 |
77.38 |
350.11 |
181.10 |
776.86 |
|
CASURECO
III |
3.00 |
140.27 |
42.17 |
364.14 |
19.03 |
568.61 |
|
CASURECO
IV |
6.43 |
155.44 |
70.96 |
226.40 |
92.96 |
552.19 |
|
Catanduanes |
4.84 |
208.29 |
29.53 |
133.83 |
163.14 |
539.63 |
|
FICELCO |
4.84 |
208.29 |
29.53 |
133.83 |
163.14 |
539.63 |
|
Masbate |
3.55 |
299.52 |
0.84 |
69.16 |
12.86 |
382.38 |
|
MASELCO |
3.55 |
278.12 |
- |
41.09 |
0.17 |
322.93 |
|
TISELCO |
- |
21.40 |
0.84 |
28.07 |
12.69 |
63.00 |
|
Sorsogon |
2.47 |
307.49 |
168.18 |
657.67 |
362.65 |
1,498.46 |
|
SORECO
I |
- |
183.59 |
71.09 |
264.09 |
125.63 |
644.40 |
|
SORECO
II |
2.47 |
123.90 |
97.09 |
393.58 |
237.02 |
854.06 |
|
TOTAL |
25.64 |
2,301.47 |
617.33 |
2,941.31 |
1,452.36 |
7,338.11 |
Source: NEA Regional
Office V
Systems Loss
The operational efficiency
of the ECs is mainly determined from the system losses
caused by both the technical and non-technical factors.
As of CY 2001, the average system loss of the ECs was
20.89 percent, higher by 0.81 percent than that of the
CY 2002 level (Table 3.24). The loss remains more than
five percentage points higher than the maximum allowable
loss of 15 percent but is lower than 5 percentage points
from the penalty system loss of 25 percent.
Among the ECs, only FICELCO met the standard posting of
a low system loss of 11.78 percent, down by one
percentage-point from the CY 2000 level. SORECO
recorded the highest system loss of 27.33 percent.
Although it went down by 0.41 percent from the CY 2000
level, still it was higher than the penalty systems
loss. The other ECs posted system losses of between 17
to 25 percent. ALECO was already within the penalty
limits. The Comparative System Loss By Electric
Cooperative for CY 2000 and 2001 are shown in Table
3.24.
Table 3.24
Comparison of System Loss by EC, 2000 and 2001
|
Electric
Cooperative |
CY 2000
(In Percent) |
CY 2001
(In Percent) |
Systems
LossReduction/
Increase |
|
REGION V |
20.08 |
20.89 |
0.81 |
|
ALECO |
21.19 |
24.89 |
3.70 |
|
CANORECO |
20.74 |
20.90 |
0.16 |
|
CASURECO I |
16.22 |
21.14 |
4.92 |
|
CASURECO II |
16.00 |
17.56 |
1.56 |
|
CASURECO III |
24.34 |
23.80 |
-0.54 |
|
CASURECO IV |
20.35 |
21.93 |
1.58 |
|
FICELCO |
12.83 |
11.78 |
-1.05 |
|
MASELCO |
21.45 |
21.68 |
0.23 |
|
TISELCO |
21.92 |
17.51 |
-4.41 |
|
SORECO I |
19.69 |
21.29 |
1.60 |
|
SORECO II |
27.74 |
27.33 |
-0.41 |
Source: NEA V
Power Rates
The comparative power rate by electric cooperatives is
shown in Table 3.25. At the regional level, the rate
increased from P 3.35 KWH from 1991 to P 5.47 KWH in
2000.
Table 3.25
Power Rates By Electric Cooperative, Bicol Region:1991-2000
(P/KWH)
|
ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
|
Region V |
3.35 |
3.70 |
3.89 |
4.03 |
3.98 |
4.27 |
4.62 |
4.95 |
3.98 |
5.47 |
|
ALECO |
3.01 |
3.26 |
3.26 |
3.56 |
3.66 |
4.29 |
4.11 |
4.56 |
3.50 |
5.47 |
|
CANORECO |
2.82 |
3.05 |
3.44 |
3.24 |
3.38 |
3.80 |
3.88 |
4.48 |
3.36 |
5.17 |
|
CASURECO
I |
2.84 |
3.04 |
3.52 |
3.99 |
3.96 |
4.57 |
4.61 |
5.19 |
4.20 |
6.72 |
|
CASURECO
II |
2.89 |
3.18 |
3.24 |
3.48 |
3.45 |
4.36 |
4.20 |
4.60 |
3.38 |
4.78 |
|
CASURECO
III |
3.32 |
3.55 |
3.99 |
4.44 |
4.15 |
4.22 |
5.16 |
5.53 |
4.15 |
5.84 |
|
CASURECO
IV |
3.48 |
3.72 |
3.95 |
4.27 |
4.45 |
4.45 |
5.28 |
5.72 |
4.35 |
5.66 |
|
FICELCO |
4.07 |
4.65 |
4.92 |
4.81 |
4.86 |
4.86 |
4.87 |
4.84 |
4.93 |
6.22 |
|
MASELCO |
4.23 |
4.57 |
4.81 |
3.59 |
3.82 |
3.82 |
3.95 |
4.08 |
4.12 |
4.35 |
|
SORECO
I |
3.51 |
3.71 |
4.00 |
4.02 |
4.00 |
4.00 |
4.65 |
5.25 |
4.01 |
4.01 |
|
SORECO
II |
3.36 |
4.37 |
3.90 |
4.22 |
4.24 |
4.22 |
5.02 |
- |
4.48 |
- |
|
TISELCO |
- |
- |
- |
5.27 |
- |
- |
5.20 |
5.18 |
3.58 |
- |
Source: NEA V
The high power rates in the region
can be attributed to the following factors: a) the cost of
electricity generated and purchased; b) the nature of the market
served; and c) the efficiency of the cooperatives.
On the cost of electricity, NPC
sold power at a uniform rate based on a One Grid One Price
policy. As of August 2002, its wholesale price in the Luzon
Grid was pegged at P 1.6032/KWH for Utilities Group (i.e.
ECs in the region, except SORECO I, had a rate of P
1.785/KWH since it is within the category of Small Utility
Group of the NPC) and P 1.4238/KWH for Non-Utilities Group
(i.e. GCC). In spite of this, the average power cost among
the ECs still varied from MASELCOs P 3.45 to FICELCOs P
3.76 per KWH.
The 1990 MANTECH study on the
rationalization of power rates in the Bicol Region showed
that the discrepancy in power rates was a function of the
service area served by the ECs considering the distribution
expenses per KWH sold and the load factors and the presence
or absence of large commercial and industrial consumers.
While the efficiency of ECs was also a factor contributing
to the selling rate, it was determined by their financial
performance and operational efficiency.
Financial Performance
As of December 2001, all electric cooperatives
in the region incurred losses in their operation. For the whole
region, the deficit of the cooperatives amounted to P 332
million pesos. The losses incurred by most of the cooperatives
were attributed to the operating cost, depreciation cost, and
interest on loans. The net margin and collection efficiency by
electric cooperative is shown in Table 3.26.
Table 3.26 Net Margin and Collection Efficiency of Electric
Cooperatives
in the Bicol Region :
as of December 2001
|
Electric
Cooperatives |
Net
Margin
P' 000 |
% |
Collection
Efficiency, % |
|
ALECO |
-96,984 |
-10 |
92 |
|
CANORECO |
-47,402 |
-15 |
90 |
|
CASURECO I |
-14,201 |
-7 |
96 |
|
CASURECO II |
-21,919 |
-3 |
91 |
|
CASURECO III |
-38,962 |
-15 |
86 |
|
CASURECO IV |
-8,633 |
-7 |
92 |
|
FICELCO |
-21,266 |
-18 |
98 |
|
MASELCO |
-23,939 |
-18 |
90 |
|
TISELCO |
-2,693 |
-10 |
72 |
|
SORECO I |
-16,486 |
-12 |
91 |
|
SORECO II |
-2,693 |
-37 |
89 |
|
Regional Total |
-332,452 |
-10 |
91 |
Source: NEA V
Collection Efficiency
As of December 2001, the
average collection efficiency of the ECs rated 91%
(Table 3.26). FICELCO had the highest collection
efficiency of 98% while TISELCO (island cooperative of
Masbate) had a low 72%.
Communication
The communication services sector facilitates the
socio-economic processes. It provides accessible and
affordable information infrastructure and services. In
consonance with the national vision, the region has
established a regulatory environment conducive to the
sustainable growth and development of the information
infrastructure and services. It promotes and sustains the
environment that fosters a healthy relationship among
stakeholders particularly between the service providers and
the consumers. The regions communications facilities cover
telephone, broadcast, postal and telegraph services. The
telecommunication providers in the country are presented in
Annex 3.9 while the inventory of telecommunications
facilities in the region are shown in Annex 3.10.
Telephone
Services
The Telecommunications network covers the following
services: 1) Local Exchange Carrier Service, 2)
Inter-Exchange Carrier, 3) International Gateway Facility,
4) Radio Mobile, 5) Radio paging Service, 6) Value-Added
Service, and 7) Satellite Operators Service. The nations
telecommunication industry structure is shown in Table 3.27.
Table 3.27 National Telecommunications Industry
Structure 1999-2002
|
Telecom Service* |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
|
Local
Exchange Carrier Service |
76 |
77 |
74 |
74 |
|
Inter-Exchange Carrier |
12 |
12 |
14 |
14 |
|
International Gateway Facility |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
|
Radio
Mobile |
|
|
|
|
|
Cellular
Mobile Telephone System (CMTS) |
5 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
|
Public
Trunk Repeater Services |
10 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
|
Radio
Paging Service |
15 |
15 |
11 |
11 |
|
Value-Added Service |
|
|
|
|
|
With
Networks |
26 |
30 |
31 |
32 |
|
Coastal |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
|
Broadband |
10 |
18 |
19 |
19 |
|
Without
Networks |
106 |
156 |
186 |
156 |
|
Satellite Operators |
18 |
18 |
19 |
19 |
*Details
are presented in the ntc.gov.ph website
The regions Local Exchange Carrier Service showed that in
2002, Bicol had 12 service providers (Table 3.28), which
covered a total of 135,422 installed capacity and 66,701
subscribed lines or 2.75 telephone density and 1.36
subscribed telephone density. The situation was a drastic
improvement compared to 1989 when there were only seven
service providers and a telephone density of 0.037.
Table 3.28
Regional Component of the Telecommunication Industry
CY 2002
|
Telecom Service |
2002* |
|
Local
Exchange Carrier Service |
12 |
|
Inter-Exchange Carrier |
6 |
|
International Gateway Facility |
5 |
|
Radio
Mobile |
|
|
Cellular
Mobile Telephone System (CMTS) |
3 |
|
Public
Trunk Repeater Services |
1 |
|
Radio
Paging Service |
1 |
|
Value-Added Service |
- |
|
With
Networks |
- |
|
Coastal |
- |
|
Broadband |
- |
|
Without
Networks |
- |
|
Satellite Operators |
5 |
*Details
are presented in the ntc.gov.ph website
The other components of
telecommunication services consisted of: a) Inter-Exchange
Carrier Operations served by six (6) operators, b)
International Gateway Facility served by five (5) operators,
c) Radio Mobile served by 3 Cellular Mobile Telephone System
and one (1) Public Trunk Repeater Services, d) Radio Paging
Service served by Smart Communication Incorporated, and e)
Satellite Operators served by five (5) service providers.
These services offered the rural areas in the Bicol Region
the accessibility through domestic and international
Cellular Mobile Telephone System (CMTS). Cellular phone
users can now place calls to the remotest parts of the
region. Smart and Globe compete as the dominant CMTS
providers in the region.
In terms of capacity/telephones lines, total connections,
and telephone density by province in 1994 and 1998, Albay
ranked first and Masbate, last. (Table 3.29).
Table 3.29
Capacity, Total Connections and Telephone Density, 1994 and 1998
Region/
Province |
Capacity/
Telephones Lines |
Total
Connections |
Telephone
Density |
Rank |
|
1994 |
1998 |
1994 |
1998 |
1994 |
1998 |
1994 |
1998 |
|
Region |
26927 |
107660 |
15819 |
51122 |
0.619 |
2.352 |
- |
- |
|
Albay |
6651 |
44213 |
5429 |
18598 |
0.655 |
4.150 |
2 |
1 |
|
Cam
Norte |
1955 |
8647 |
1063 |
3666 |
0.445 |
1.820 |
3 |
3 |
|
Cam
Sur |
15471 |
49015 |
7973 |
23738 |
1.073 |
3.200 |
1 |
2 |
|
Catanduanes |
200 |
820 |
137 |
570 |
0.095 |
0.382 |
6 |
5 |
|
Masbate
|
2000 |
2000 |
643 |
1998 |
0.297 |
0.296 |
4 |
6 |
|
Sorsogon |
650 |
2965 |
574 |
2552 |
0.111 |
0.482 |
5 |
4 |
There were fourteen (14)
telephone service players in the region, consisting of 13
private operators and one government-operated (TELOF) (Annex
3.10.). With the liberalization of the
telecommunications industry, the telephone density increased
from 0.037 in 1989 to 2.75 per 1000 population in 2002. The
accessibility and availability of telephone lines also
increased from a density of 2.35 lines per 1,000 population
to 2.39. That corresponded to 111,354 lines and 57,797
connections. The details are presented in Table 3.30.
Table 3.30
Telephone Density, 1999
|
Indicator |
CY 1999 |
CY 1998 |
% Increase |
|
Exchange |
69 |
67 |
2.99 |
|
Capacity/Lines |
111,354 |
107660 |
3.43 |
|
Connections |
57797 |
51122 |
13.06 |
|
Telephone Density |
2.39 |
2.35 |
1.70 |
Broadcast and CATV Industries
The Nationwide broadcast stations and CATV network as of
December 2003 comprised of 2,647 providers. The Region V
component represents 9.33% of the total or 247 providers.
The regional distribution of those facilities is shown in
Table 3.31.
Table
3.31 Regional Distribution of Broadcast Stations and CATV
Networks
|
Region |
AM |
FM |
TV |
TV
Relay |
TV
Xlator |
Pay
TV |
CATV |
LMDS |
MMDS |
Total
* |
|
NCR |
31 |
35 |
23 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
69 |
3 |
1 |
153 |
|
CAR |
10 |
18 |
5 |
4 |
7 |
0 |
24 |
0 |
0 |
68 |
|
I |
34 |
36 |
8 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
122 |
0 |
0 |
205 |
|
II |
16 |
33 |
9 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
80 |
0 |
1 |
143 |
|
III |
15 |
25 |
5 |
1 |
8 |
0 |
158 |
0 |
0 |
212 |
|
IV |
32 |
66 |
22 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
289 |
0 |
1 |
418 |
|
V |
33 |
60 |
26 |
2 |
8 |
0 |
118 |
0 |
0 |
247 |
|
VI |
35 |
63 |
21 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
95 |
0 |
1 |
220 |
|
VII |
27 |
46 |
19 |
1 |
6 |
0 |
82 |
0 |
1 |
182 |
|
VIII |
23 |
26 |
8 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
98 |
0 |
0 |
162 |
|
IX |
21 |
38 |
18 |
0 |
8 |
0 |
55 |
0 |
0 |
140 |
|
X |
35 |
52 |
25 |
1 |
7 |
0 |
68 |
0 |
1 |
189 |
|
XI |
38 |
70 |
25 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
56 |
0 |
2 |
193 |
|
XII |
11 |
20 |
6 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
35 |
0 |
0 |
73 |
|
ARM |
8 |
5 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
24 |
0 |
0 |
42 |
|
Total |
369 |
583 |
225 |
26 |
58 |
2 |
1,373 |
3 |
8 |
2,647 |
Source: www,ntc.gov.ph
Postal
Facilities and Services
From 1989 to 2002, the total
number of postal facilities in the region considerably
reduced by 10%, from a total of 174 to 156 postal offices
and stations (Table 3.32).
Table 3.32 Inventory of Postal Facilities, Bicol Region
|
Province |
1989 Inventory |
District |
2002 Inventory |
|
Post Offices |
Postal Stations |
Total |
Regular Post office |
Extension Post Office |
Private Postal Stations |
Total |
|
Albay |
24 |
16 |
40 |
I |
19 |
12 |
6 |
37 |
|
Cam
Norte |
13 |
3 |
16 |
II |
19 |
9 |
4 |
32 |
|
Cam Sur |
47 |
2 |
49 |
III |
26 |
10 |
8 |
44 |
|
Catanduanes |
11 |
8 |
19 |
IV |
26 |
13 |
4 |
43 |
|
Masbate |
13 |
2 |
15 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Sorsogon |
28 |
- |
28 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Total |
136 |
38 |
174 |
|
90 |
44 |
22 |
156 |
|
Percentage (%) |
78.00 |
24.00 |
100.00 |
|
58.00 |
28.00 |
14.00 |
100.00 |
The reduction was the initial step made to keep the Postal
Corporation operationally viable as a result of tough
competition from the CMTS. Further, Bicols Philpost
operational area was clustered into four districts. Their
respective covered areas are shown in Table 3.33.
Table 3.33
Coverage Area of Philpost, Bicol Region
|
District
I (9)
Albay A & Catanduanes |
District
II (10)
Albay B & Camarines Sur B |
District
III (10)Camarines Sur A & Camarines Norte |
District
IV (8)Masbate & Sorsogon |
|
1.
Legaspi City |
1. Iriga
City |
1. Naga
City |
1.
Masbate City |
|
2.
Tabaco City |
2. Pili |
2. Canaman |
2. Aroroy |
|
3. Malinao, Albay |
3. San Jose |
3. Camaligan |
3.
Cataingan |
|
4.
Bacacay, Albay |
4. Goa |
4.
Libmanan |
4.
Sorsogon City (Old) |
|
5. Tiwi, Albay |
5 Ocampo |
5. San Fernando |
5. Sorsogon City (new) |
|
6. Baras, Catanduanes |
6. Caramoan |
6. Siruma |
6. Gubat |
|
7. Sn Andres, Catanduanes |
7. Buhi |
7. Buhi |
7. Bulan |
|
8. Gigmoto,
Catanduanes |
8. Tigaon |
8. Daet |
8. Magallanes |
|
9. Virac, Catanduanes |
9. Lagonoy |
9. Basud |
- |
|
- |
10. Pio Duran, Albay |
Paracale |
- |
Postal
operations in the late 90s covered mainly mail volumes
posted/delivered and money orders issued/ paid. The current
postal operations cover various postal activities to make
the Corporation viable with some considerable decrease in
its revenue-generating products and services (Annex 3.11).
Remarkably, Philpost V increased its 2002 revenue over that
of 2001 through intensive marketing of postal products and
services that were not affected by the advancement in
communications technology. These involved postal products
and services such as: 1) Postal IDs, 2) Philatelic Stamps,
3) COD Commissions, 4) 3rd class mails, 5)
M-BAGS, 6) Presentation to Customs Fees, 7) Postage Charge
Account, 8) Metered Machine Stamps. Despite stiff
competition from the CMTS, the corporation increased its
revenues by 0.17% in 2002. It also attained 89.61% of the
target revenues. However, the total revenue generated was
only one-third of the total current operating expenditures
of the Corporation. Philpost V needs to concentrate more on
income generating activities and to trim down its
organizational structure to the desired level of viability.
Facilities and Services
In
1989, the TELOF under the Department of Transportation and
Communication (DOTC), operated a total of 146
telecommunication facilities, broken down as follows : 1)
6 units Teletype, 2) 67 units landline, 3) 64 units Radio HF/CW,
and 4) 9 units Radio VHF. These constituted a service
ratio of .037 per 1000 population, which was very low.
The TELOF operations and services covered four areas: 1)
Telegraph services, 2) Telegraphic transfer, 3) Social
telegram, and 4) telephone services (Annex 3.12). In 2001,
TELOF operated a total of 122 telegraph stations but these
decreased to 113 telegraph stations in 2002. The reduction
was caused by the entry of the cellular phone industry,
whose carriers (Globe and Smart) installed cells sites in
different areas in the region. On the other hand, the
telegraphic transfer stations also went down from 59 to 58
telegraphic stations. The three TELOF telephone exchanges (Ligao,
Ragay, and Canaman/Camaligan) increased their switching
capacity from 844 in 2001 to 992 in 2002. Their total number
of subscribers, however, slightly diminished from 582 to 551
for the period 2001-2002. The decrease was attributed to the
transfer of subscribers to private telephone companies and
to the extensive use of CMTS.
During the period 2001 to 2002, TELOF operations showed that
its volume of activities handled decreased, except for the
relayed messages which increased by about 41.86%.
Nevertheless, its total revenue increased by 16.86%.
Social Infrastructure
Social infrastructure provides the facilities for education,
health, other public buildings and solid waste management
facilities. The efficient provision of such facilities,
contributes to the regions economic development, that is,
the level of service to the people especially in the rural
areas of the region.
Schools
The schools in the region fall within the category of any of
the following four (4) educational levels: Pre-Elementary,
Elementary, Secondary, and Tertiary. As of 2002, there were
4,259 schools in the region distributed as shown in the
Table 3.34.
Table 3.34 Number of Schools By Level, By
Province Province/City, Bicol Region: As of 2002
Province/
City |
No.
Sch.
Dist |
LEVEL |
Total
Sch. |
% |
|
Pre-Elementary |
Elementary |
Secondary |
Tertiary |
|
Public |
Private |
Public |
Pri-
Vate |
Total |
Public |
Exten
sions |
Pri-
vate |
Total |
Pub-
lic |
Pri-
Vate |
Total |
|
Attach
to
Elem |
Purely
Pre-
School |
Total |
|
Albay |
26 |
1 |
28 |
24 |
52 |
531 |
39 |
570 |
62 |
30 |
26 |
118 |
15 |
11 |
26 |
766 |
18.00 |
|
Cam. Norte |
14 |
66 |
11 |
30 |
41 |
249 |
11 |
260 |
36 |
11 |
14 |
61 |
4 |
10 |
14 |
376 |
8.80 |
|
Cam. Sur |
38 |
45 |
30 |
6 |
36 |
837 |
55 |
892 |
121 |
30 |
44 |
195 |
16 |
9 |
25 |
1148 |
27.00 |
|
Catanduanes |
20 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
226 |
- |
226 |
34 |
4 |
1 |
39 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
269 |
6.30 |
|
Masbate |
28 |
47 |
4 |
8 |
12 |
605 |
13 |
618 |
68 |
6 |
23 |
97 |
2 |
8 |
10 |
737 |
17.30 |
|
Sorsogon |
20 |
- |
3 |
8 |
11 |
440 |
7 |
447 |
59 |
12 |
14 |
85 |
5 |
14 |
19 |
562 |
13.20 |
|
Iriga City |
3 |
1 |
10 |
3 |
13 |
39 |
14 |
53 |
7 |
1 |
4 |
12 |
- |
6 |
6 |
84 |
2.00 |
|
Legaspi City |
4 |
- |
11 |
9 |
20 |
40 |
13 |
53 |
2 |
6 |
7 |
15 |
1 |
12 |
13 |
101 |
2.40 |
|
Naga City |
3 |
9 |
17 |
16 |
33 |
23 |
24 |
47 |
7 |
1 |
8 |
16 |
2 |
13 |
15 |
111 |
2.60 |
|
Sorsogon City |
4 |
9 |
7 |
6 |
13 |
65 |
8 |
73 |
11 |
- |
8 |
19 |
- |
- |
- |
105 |
2.50 |
|
Total |
160 |
178 |
121 |
110 |
231 |
3055 |
184 |
3239 |
407 |
101 |
149 |
657 |
47 |
85 |
132 |
4259 |
100.00 |
|
% |
- |
- |
- |
- |
5.40 |
- |
- |
76.10 |
- |
- |
- |
15.43 |
- |
- |
3.10 |
100.00 |
- |
Source: DepED V, CHED V
Pre - Elementary School
There were 231 pre-elementary schools in the region,
representing 5.4% of the total, of which 77% are public
pre-elementary schools and 33% are privately operated.
The spatial distribution of the Pre-Elementary and
Elementary Schools is shown in Figure 3.19.
Elementary Schools
There were 3,239 elementary schools in
the region, representing 76.1 % of the total. Majority
were Public elementary schools (94%), while only 6% were
private elementary schools. Also refer to Figure 3.19.
Secondary Schools
There were 657 secondary schools in the
region, representing 15.43% of the total schools in the
region. Of this total, 77% or 508 schools were public
and 33% were private.
Tertiary School
The tertiary schools represented 3.10% or
132 schools in the region. These were dominantly private
(64% or 85 schools), and only 36% were public. Among the
6 provinces, Albay and Camarines Sur shared the highest
number with 26 and 25 tertiary schools, respectively,
while Catanduanes had the least with only four (4)
tertiary schools. Of the 47 public tertiary schools, 9
were State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) encompassing
a total of 32 campuses. The profile of these SUCs and
Campuses are presented in Annex 3.13 and the locations
of these are presented in Figure 3.20.
Classrooms
The
classrooms for consideration are the public elementary
and secondary schools.
Elementary School Classrooms
As of CY 2000, there were 27,240
classrooms in the region. The status of provision of
elementary school classrooms is as follows; a) 14,167
(52%) were repairable and usable, b) 3,141 needed
immediate replacement, c) 9,932 were in good condition,
and d) 2,818 classrooms were still needed to meet the
enrollment requirements (Annex 3. 14).
Secondary Schools Classrooms
As of CY 2000, there were 6,160 secondary
classrooms in the region. The status of provision of
secondary school classrooms is as follows; a) 1,788
classrooms (29%) were repairable, b) 542 classrooms
needed immediate repair, c) 3,839 classrooms were in
good condition, d) 1,712 classrooms were still needed to
meet the enrollment requirements (Annex 3.15).
Health Facilities
The health facilities in the region are served by both
government and private entities. Currently, there are 136
hospitals in the region, of which 85 hospitals are operated
by private institution and 51 hospitals are operated by the
government. These include 137 Municipal Health Centers (MHCs),
and 1,045 Barangay Health Stations (BHS). The details are
shown in Table 3.35.
Figure 3.20 Location of Tertiary
(Government) Schools
(+) Click
to Zoom
Table 3.35 Summary of Health Facilities by Province/City, Bicol
Region: As of December 2002
Province/
City |
No.
of
Muni-
cipa-
lity |
No.
of
Brgy |
Pop.
2000 |
No. of Hospital |
Grand
Total |
Other
Health
Facilities |
|
Government |
Private |
No. of
MHCS |
No. of
BHS |
|
Reg'l/
Prov'l
Hos. |
Dist.
Hos. |
Mun./
City
Hos. |
Com-
munity/
Medi-
care |
Total |
Ter-
tiary |
Secon-
dary |
Pri-
mary |
Total |
|
Albay |
15 |
548 |
1,091,810 |
- |
5 |
1 |
- |
6 |
- |
3 |
13 |
16 |
22 |
17 |
161 |
|
Cam. Norte* |
12 |
282 |
422,273 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
5 |
9 |
13 |
16 |
94 |
|
Cam. Sur |
35 |
1,000 |
1,594,149 |
2 |
3 |
5 |
3 |
13 |
- |
2 |
7 |
9 |
22 |
48 |
288 |
|
Cat' nes |
11 |
315 |
215,356 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
- |
7 |
- |
1 |
2 |
3 |
10 |
11 |
58 |
|
Masbate |
20 |
520 |
636,225 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
9 |
- |
3 |
9 |
12 |
21 |
21 |
186 |
|
Sorsogon |
14 |
505 |
515,857 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
9 |
- |
2 |
5 |
7 |
16 |
16 |
173 |
|
Sub-total |
107 |
3,170 |
4,475,670 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Legaspi City |
- |
70 |
157,010 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
4 |
2 |
- |
6 |
7 |
- |
23 |
|
Ligao City |
- |
55 |
90,603 |
- |
1- |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
2 |
2 |
3 |
- |
- |
|
Tabaco City |
- |
47 |
107,166 |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
2 |
3 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
- |
|
Iriga City |
- |
36 |
137,810 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3 |
- |
3 |
3 |
- |
11 |
|
Naga City |
- |
27 |
70,087 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3 |
1 |
- |
4 |
4 |
- |
24 |
|
Masbate City |
- |
30 |
71,441 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
- |
- |
|
Sorsogon City |
- |
36 |
134,678 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
- |
2 |
2 |
2 |
27 |
|
Sub-total |
- |
301 |
768,795 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Total |
107 |
3,471 |
5,244,465 |
7 |
22 |
15 |
7 |
51 |
8 |
26 |
51 |
85 |
136 |
137 |
1,045 |
Source: DOH
*
Includes the additional barangays from Quezon Province
Generally, the provision of health
facilities in the region remains inadequate particularly at the
barangay level where basic health care is most needed. Of the
total barangays in the region, only 30% are served with Barangay
Health Stations (BHS). At the municipal level, municipal health
centers are in place. On the other hand, the bed occupancy rate
in public hospitals is high, which indicates inadequate bed
capacity, e.g., the Bicol Regional
Training and Teaching Hospital (BRTTH)
had a bed occupancy rate of 118%. Likewise, medical
equipment, facilities and medical manpower are
inadequate.
Building Facilities
The building facilities in the region are classified into
National, Provincial, City, and Municipal buildings. An
inventory conducted in 2002 showed that the region had a
total of 470 buildings whose distribution is as follows:
Table 3.36
Inventory of Government
Buildings by Province and City,
Bicol Region: As of December
2002
|
Province/City |
Number of
Municipalities |
Number of
Barangays |
Population
2000 |
Number of Government Buildings |
|
National |
Provincial |
City |
Municipal |
Total |
|
Albay |
15 |
548 |
1091810 |
26 |
18 |
- |
44 |
88 |
|
Cam
Norte |
12 |
282 |
422273 |
11 |
51 |
- |
28 |
90 |
|
Cam Sur |
35 |
1000 |
1594149 |
- |
29 |
- |
35 |
64 |
|
Catanduanes |
11 |
315 |
215356 |
25 |
17 |
- |
11 |
53 |
|
Masbate
|
20 |
520 |
636225 |
- |
1 |
- |
20 |
21 |
|
Sorsogon |
14 |
505 |
515857 |
- |
53 |
- |
14 |
67 |
|
Sub-total |
107 |
3170 |
4475670 |
62 |
169 |
- |
152 |
383 |
|
Legaspi
City |
- |
70 |
157010 |
- |
- |
15 |
- |
15 |
|
Ligao
City |
- |
55 |
90603 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
1 |
|
Tabaco
City |
- |
47 |
107166 |
- |
- |
14 |
- |
14 |
|
Iriga
City |
- |
36 |
137810 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
1 |
|
Naga
City |
- |
27 |
70087 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
1 |
|
Masbate
City |
- |
30 |
71441 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
1 |
|
Sorsogon
City |
- |
36 |
134678 |
- |
- |
1 |
- |
1 |
|
Sub-total |
- |
301 |
768795 |
- |
- |
34 |
- |
34 |
|
Total |
107 |
3471 |
5244465 |
62 |
169 |
34 |
152 |
417 |
Source: PPDO, LGUs
1. Entry for every Provincial and Municipal
Building was assumed to have one bldg.
2. No data was submitted for Masbate and Camarines Sur
Solid Waste Management Facilities
The open dumping method of solid waste disposal practiced by
some LGUs had resulted into adverse environmental impact,
which led to the passage of DENR Administrative Order 98-49
and 98-50 advocating for the adoption of the sanitary
landfill method. The directive also required LGUs to upgrade
their existing open dumpsites. Based on the ratio of 2.60
hectares per 100,000 persons (adopted by the Presidential
Task Force on Waste Management to project the land
requirement), the region will need 145 hectares by year
2010, 162 hectares by 2020, and 177 hectares by 2030. The
summary of land area requirement by province is reflected in
Table 3.37.
Table 3.37
Summary of Land Area Required for Solid Waste Management
by Province, Bicol Region
|
Province/City |
Population |
Land
Area (Has.)
* |
|
2000 |
2010 |
2020 |
2030 |
2000 |
2010 |
2020 |
2030 |
|
Albay |
1,094,154 |
1,303,434 |
1,552,744 |
1,849,740 |
28.45 |
33.89 |
40.37 |
48.09 |
|
Camarines Norte |
459,573 |
504,840 |
554,567 |
609,191 |
11.95 |
13.13 |
14.42 |
15.84 |
|
Camarines Sur |
1,556,057 |
1,845,982 |
2,189,926 |
2,591,954 |
40.46 |
48.00 |
56.94 |
67.39 |
|
Catanduanes |
215,840 |
246,363 |
281,179 |
320,929 |
5.61 |
6.41 |
7.31 |
8.34 |
|
Masbate |
709,707 |
840,732 |
995,347 |
1,179,817 |
18.45 |
21.86 |
25.88 |
30.68 |
|
Sorsogon |
652,773 |
799,080 |
978,179 |
1,197,420 |
16.97 |
20.78 |
25.43 |
31.13 |
|
Total |
4,688,104 |
5,540,431 |
6,551,942 |
7,749,051 |
121.89 |
144.05 |
170.35 |
201.48 |
Source: Computation
Assumption: 2.6 Has. Per 100,000 population
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